Considering the developing countries' scenario both quantitative and qualitative analysis of biomass generated from the mills has not been done yet. The rest is discarded as solid and liquid waste. Though appropriate quantitative analysis of waste produced from pulp and paper mills has not been done yet in general only a few percent of the wood sources are utilized for the actual pulp and paper production (Bajpai 2015b). The pulp and paper mills mainly utilize wood sources for the production of pulp and paper. The demand and use of pulp and paper have marked the levels of civilization and development of many societies (Armstrong et al. Through customization and optimization of the conversion techniques and product manufacturing schemes, a variety of engineering materials can be obtained from pulp and paper mill wastes realizing the current global waste to wealth developmental approach. The different biomaterials obtained from the pulp and paper mill biomass can be used for versatile applications including conventional, high performance, and smart materials. As per the findings of the current review, it is shown that high-performance carbon fiber and bioplastic can be manufactured from black liquor of pulping waste the cellulosic waste from sawdust and sludge can be utilized for the synthesis of CNC and regenerated fibers such as viscose rayon and acetate the mineral-based pulping wastes and fly ash can be used for manufacturing of different kinds of biocomposites. The study reveals that using conventional and integrated biorefinery technology the ample variety and quantity of waste generated from pulp and paper mills can be converted into wealth.
The present review aims to investigate the availability of biomass from pulp and paper mills and show sustainable routes for the production of high value-added biomaterials. Biomasses from other sources have been used to produce different kinds and grades of biomaterials such as those used in industrial and medical applications. Pulp and paper mills contribute to a higher amount of these biomasses mostly discarded in the landfills creating an environmental burden. Most of the biomass exists as a by-product from manufacturing industries. A wide variety of biomass is available all around the world.
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